Improvement in brick-kilns



3 SrheetsuvSheet 1. E. V. WINGARD. Brick-Knus.

N0,I5L,3|0l Patnted Aug.18,874.

Attorneys THE GRAPHIC CD. PHOTU`LITH.3S& 4l PARK PLACE, NA.

WITNESS s' 'Brick-Kilns.

VIM A .SIIIIII all@ I I I I IIIIIZZ Attorneys UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE..

EDWIN V. WINGARD, OF LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY.

IMPROVEMENT IN BRICK-KILNS.

Specification forming-part of Letters Patent No. 154,310., dated August 18, 1874; application liled July 11, 1874.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, EDWIN V. WINGARD,

' of Louisville, in the county of Jefferson and andV figures of reference marked thereon.

Figure'l of the drawing is a representation of a front View of my kiln. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view, and Figs. 3'

and 4 are detail sectional views, of the same. Fig. 5 is a transverse vertical sectional view, and Fig. 6 is a detail view.

This invention has relation to kilns, which are designed for burning or glazing any object made of clay; and my objects are mainly to so contrive a kiln, of rectangular or other shape, that the temperature is under complete control of the attendants, and maybe increased or diminished according, as the material to be burned may require; also, to provide pipes or iiues and other passages in the furnace-walls, the walls of gas-vaults, and the walls of the kiln proper, through which ues or passages air is conducted into the dame-spaces for the purpose of mixing with the carbureted hydrogen and unconsumed gas from the furnaces, and thereby supplying oxygen and promoting combustion of the gases, as will be hereinafter explained. l

In the annexed drawings, I have represented a rectangular kiln, but I contemplate the application of my improvement to circular and polygonal kilns.

'.lfhc walls A are constructed of any material which will-resist the fire. The kiln-walls may be 'made of any desired thickness. I prefer from two and a half to three bricks at the base, tapering oft', as the wall rises, to nine inches at the coping. at their bases, are irregular openings c, communicating with the gas -vault C, which are constructed so as` to carry into the kiln and distribute equally the inflamed gases. Each of .these openings is pro'vided with a passage, d, passing upwardly at an angle, through the wall, to the top of the upper surface of the Through the walls A,

vault O, as shown in Fig. 4, which passage allows nelypulverized ashes, sand, brickdust, or other refractory substances to be introduced into the openings c for the purpose of partly orl wholly closing them, according to the heat required, sometimes entirely closing the passage c to shut off the heat when the contents of a chamber have been sufficiently burned. Along the outside of the main walls are constructed the separated gas-distributin g vaults C, and outside of and supporting these vaults are constructed heat or gas generating furnaces D. These furnaces are so spaced and arranged with respect to the separated vaults G as to furnish each particular part of the kiln with any desired quantity of heat. Each furnace is constructed with air-chambers ff, with damper-holes f outside and jet-holes 'L' inside. The external air is admitted into the chambers f', where it is highly heated, and conducted into the furnace amongst the incandescent fuel for the purpose of increasing combustion. In order to supply the carburetedhydrogen gas with oxygen from the atmosphere in proper quantities, and have the tem-` perature in the kiln such that the glazing material, bricks, or wares, or the layers that coutain them, shall not be damaged by sudden changes of temperature, I carry atmospheric air into the body of the kiln through ues d', arranged far enough below the surface of the ground to avoid melting them. I also carry atmospheric air through the walls A, under the gas-vaults, as shown by the passage g, Fig. 3, and introduce this air into the upper portion of the gas-vaults through small openings. I also carry air into the walls A, between the gas-generating furnaces, taking the air up through ilues h, and conducting it into the vaults G, near the skew-back7 of the arch, thus supplying the Vault with air in such Vquantities as may be desired. J J designate pipes, which are thickly perforated, and arranged horizontally over the body of the kiln. These pipes communicate with an imperforated pipe, Jv', which leads down to a suitable exhausting-engine (not shown) for the purpose of drawing the heated air and gases from the top of the kiln, and forcing the heat whithersoever it may be required.

It will be seen, by reference to Fig. 5, that kiln divided into compartments, in number corresponding to the number of furnaces; consequently I am able to regulate the heat and distribute it uniformly in each compartment. Then the lires are made in thefurnaces D, the heated products pass into the vaults C,

and are therein mixed with heated air, which enters them at their highest points. This mixture of the gases and air insures a perfect I combustion, and a pure flame issues through the passages c, which are regulated by introducing more or less finely-pulverized ashes,

sand, brickdust, or refractory material into burning-kiln, the air-chambers f, damper- 'holesj' and jet-holes t', substantially as and said passages c through the inclined chutes r1. The vaults C afford good 'supports for the kiln-walls, and the furnaces also support these walls, and the vaults, by this arrangement of the vaults and furnaces, allow the 'air and gases to be thoroughly mixed before being admitted to the brick-kiln proper. lIn burning bricks and various kinds of wares it is necessary, in order to prevent their being broken, that cool air should be entirely excluded from ranging the mixing-vaults outside of the kiln and heating the air before introducing it into the kiln through the flame-passages c. I alsov introduce cool air into the bottom of the kiln in regulated quantities, by means of the passages d, which are arranged beneath the furnaces and the vaults C. This supplies the I `am awarethatit is not new to place furhaces beneath the floor of a kiln and cause the heated gases and products of combustion to pass beneath such iloor to the back of the kiln, and thence upwardly between the back Wall and a partition, to a vaulted roof and into a burning-chamber, from which they nally escape through uptakes at the front. I am also aware that a kiln in which the flame and --hcated gases from the furnaces pass in a downward direction through the ware in the burning-chamber is not new, nor is it herein cl-aimed; also that the employment of pipes, arranged over the kiln to utilize the heat which escapes from the kiln, is not new; also, that carrying air into the body of the -kiln, through iues arranged below the furnace, is not new.

Vhat I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In a kiln, the combination of the furnace D,having air-chambers f and jet-holes i, and a gas-distributin g vault, C, having air-passages ,g and air-ilues h, substantially as specified.

2. In combination with the furnace of a for `the purpose set forth.

3. In a kiln, the combination of the air-pas-V sage g, passing under the gas-vault O and exl:tending into the upper portion of the said gas-vault, and the air-fines h, communicating with the vault C near the skew-back7 of the arch, substantially as and for the purpose described. the kiln. This I do most effectually by ar- 4. The combination, with a kiln, of the passage d,.for the introduction of sand or other vrcomminuted refractory material, for the pur- -pose of partially or Wholly closing the gas- -openings c communicating with the vault and kiln.

In testimony that I claim the above I have hereunto subscribed my name in the presence of two witnesses.

GEORGE E. UPHAM, H. C. HoLLINGsHEAD. 

